Is an Operating software system that manage all resources of computing devices.
What are Operating System used for ?.
1 Multitasking : It manages memory and allows multiple programs to run in their own space and even communicate with each other through shared memory.
2 As a platform for Application program:provides a platform on which other programs can run on.
3 Manages Memory and Files:Manages computer main memory and second storage.allows and j memory to all task and application.
4 Provides Security: Helps to maintain the system and application safety-through authorization.
5 Resource Management: Operating system manages and memory,CPU-time and processes running on a computer
6 Managing Input-Output Unit: allows computer to manage it's own resources such as memory,monitor,keyboard,printer and etc.
7 Job Accounting : keeps track of time and resource used by various jobs.
8 Device Management: The operating system manages input/output devices such as printers, keyboards, mice, and displays. It provides the necessary drivers and interfaces to enable communication between the devices and the computer.
9 Networking: The operating system provides networking capabilities such as establishing and managing network connections, handling network protocols, and sharing resources such as printers and files over a network.
10 Backup and Recovery: The operating system provides mechanisms for backing up data and recovering it in case of system failures, errors, or disasters.
11 Virtualization: The operating system provides virtualization capabilities that allow multiple operating systems or applications to run on a single physical machine. This can enable efficient use of resources and flexibility in managing workloads.
12 Performance Monitoring: The operating system provides tools for monitoring and optimizing system performance, including identifying bottlenecks, optimizing resource usage, and analyzing system logs and metrics.
13 System Calls: The operating system provides a set of system calls that enable applications to interact with the operating system and access its resources. System calls provide a standardized interface between applications and the operating system, enabling portability and compatibility across different hardware and software platforms.
14 Error-detecting Aids: These contain methods that include the error messages, and other debugging and error-detecting methods.
Types of an Operating System
If you’re starting, you’ll probably start using the operating system that comes pre-loaded with the system. However, updating, removing, and installing a new operating system on your machine is possible. For instance, you can remove the Windows operating system and install the Linux one.
1 Linux
Linux is one of the free, open-source operating systems created by Linus Torvalds in the 1990s. Linux is an open-source operating system that can be modified and distributed by anyone worldwide.
The advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Kali, Mint, etc — you can choose from. However, According to Stat Counter Global Stats, Linux users account for less than 2% of global operating systems as of the time of writing. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize.
1 Linux primarily uses the terminal for communicating and interacting with the operating system. However, different distributions (distros) come with different GUIs to help you with your day-to-day activities.
The Linux operating system is a good choice for back-end engineering because it’s used in most servers and supports many good features for server-side development. However, it has a steep learning curve as you must learn how to use the terminal enough for your day-to-day activity as a back-end engineer.
2 Microsoft Windows
The Microsoft Windows operating system was created in the mid-1980s, and there have been different versions of it up to the time of writing. We have Windows 11, which was released on October 5th 2021.
The Windows operating system comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which makes it the most popular operating system in the world, including the fact that Windows is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) which makes it very user-friendly and easy to get started with.
Since Microsoft Windows was initially created for home and personal computers, the usage and support for advanced command-line interface is different from Mac and Linux.
3 Mac
mac-OS previously called OS X is one of the operating systems created by Apple, and it comes pre-loaded on all Macintosh computers or Macs. Many versions have been launched since its first announcement on 24 March 2001. However, the latest version at the time of writing is the mac-OS 12 (Monterey), launched on June 21, 2023.
The Mac-OS also use a graphical user interface for most day-to-day activities but also widely supports the use of a command-line interface for advanced users.
According to the Global Stat Operating System Market Share, Mac-OS users account for less than 10% of global operating systems as of the time of writing. This is much lower than Windows users, which account for 80%. This large disparity margin is because Mac-OS is very expensive
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